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domingo, 12 de febrero de 2012

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Major Cutaneous Features

       Neurofibromas (60–90%)
       Café-au-lait macules (>90%)
       Axillary and/or inguinal freckling (∼80%)
       Plexiform neurofibroma (25%)
 

In its fullest expression, NF1 can manifest as thousands of neurofibromas in a patient, hence the appellation neurofibromatosis (Fig. 60.3). Several variants of neurofibromas are observed in NF1. Most commonly, proliferations of spindle cells occur within the dermis, leading to cutaneous neurofibromas (CNFs). CNFs are skin-colored to pink, tan or brown, polypoid or pedunculated nodules that are soft or slightly rubbery in texture and can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. They invaginate easily into the skin with gentle external pressure, thereby exhibiting the pathognomonic ‘buttonhole’ sign. Although these soft nodules are usually asymptomatic (except for their appearance), they may become pruritic or, occasionally, irritated. CNFs can appear as early as 4-5 years of age but more typically develop around puberty, with occasional acceleration during pregnancy.


DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1
Two or more of the following must be present:
       Six or more café-au-lait macules >5 mm in prepubertal individuals and >15 mm in postpubertal individuals
       Two or more neuro.bromas of any type or one plexiform neurofibroma
       ‘Freckling’ in the axillary or inguinal regions
       Optic gliomas
       Two or more Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
       Osseous lesion, such as sphenoid wing dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex, with or without pseudarthrosis
       First-degree relative (parent, sibling or offspring) with NF1 by the above criteria
 Arch Neurol. 1988;45:575–8.

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